乳幼児教育学研究 第１４号 掲載論文要旨
THE
JAPANESE JOURNAL FOR THE EDUCATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN
No.14 2005
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幼児期の歩行動作における経年変化と左右差 渡部昌史 加賀
勝 The
developmental changes and laterality of walking motion in
infant Masashi
WATANABE Masaru KAGA The
purpose of this study was to clarify the developmental changes and
laterality of walking motion in infant. The subjects were118
infants
aged from
2 to
6years.
We measured relevant walking parameters, i.e., step length, step width,
step pace, step length/height, step width/height, and correlated the
results with age. The results were summarized as
follows. 1)Walking
parameters correlated significantly with age, i.e., step length of
right(r＝0.61,
p＜0.01)and
left(r＝0.61,
p＜0.01),
step length(right)/height(r＝0.34,
p＜0.01),
step length(left)/height(r＝0.35,
p＜0.01),step
width(right)/height(r＝−0.23,
p＜0.05)and
step width(left)/height(r＝−0.35,
p＜0.01). |
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絵本の読み聞かせと輪郭画用紙の活用が幼児の絵画表現へ与える効果 小田久美子 高橋敏之 The
Effect Which Practical Use of Outline Drawing Paper Will Give to
Children’s Pictures Expression Kumiko
ODA Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI All
childcare persons prepare the environment for plastic play, and are
wishing that children ’s express richly. However, there are some children
who cannot draw independently actually happily. The purpose of this
article is proposing the concrete means which stimulate activation of
plastic activities for the
infant who has hesitation in Key
Words:
outline, drawing for coloring, plastic
abilities |
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幼児期における心の理論，感情理解，及び社会的スキルの関連 森野美央 早瀬
円 Preschoolers
’theory of mind, understanding of emotions, and social
skills Miwo
MORINO Madoka HAYASE The
aim of this study was to examine the relationship among “theory of mind ”
(i.e.
the ability to grasp the links between actions and mental states like
beliefs and desires),
understanding of emotions, and social skills in preschool children. A
sample of
190 children,
3 to
6 years
of age, completed
6 measures
of theory of mind and 4
measures
of understanding of emotions. Teachers assessed children ’s social skills
(assertion
skills, self-control skills, and cooperation skills). The main results
were as follows: （1）Theory
of mind was correlated with assertion skills and cooperation skills for
5
-year
olds, serf-control skills for 3
-year
olds and (2)
understanding
of emotions was correlated with all social skills for 3
-year
olds. The results were discussed in relation to (1)
changes
in the relationship between theory of mind and social skills, (2)
changes
in the relationship between understanding of emotions and social skills,
and (3)
caregivers
’support for development of theory of mind and understanding of emotions
in preschool children. Key
Words:
Theory of mind, Understanding of emotions, Social skills,
Preschoolers |
保育所経営改革と保育所長の経営能力 伊藤良高 Reform
of Nursery School Management and Managerial
Competence of Nursery School Manager Yoshitaka
ITO The
purpose of this paper is to consider what is needed to reform nursery
school management and what abilities nursery school managers are required
to have from the childcare self-government ’s point of view. In this view
it is generally expected that based on this childcare self-government,
parents, guardians, citizens in the community, nursery school staffs,
childcare administrative officials collaborate with each other for the
childcare development. Today ’s social well-being reforms, especially some
measures taken to prevent the total fertility rate from declining,
childcare support policies, decentralization reforms and deregulation
policies which have started since the late
1990s,
have had significant influences on the systems and management itself of
nursery schools. With the rapid changes of environments closely connected
with nursery school management, the evaluation of the managerial
competence of nursery school managers has become necessary. In order to
achieve these objectives, the following measures must be carried out.
Firstly, professionalization of nursery school managers, the systems of
qualifications as managers, of the appointment and employment of managers,
of educating and training managers must be established. Secondly, nursery
school managers are required to have their original management concepts
and the abilities to set up their original vision. Thirdly, nursery school
managers are expected to have practical managerial competence and
leadership. From the viewpoint of the realization of childcare
self-government, reforming nursery school management has been called for.
For the purpose, all the staff concerned with childcare should take part
in the nursery school management. Key Words: nursery school management, nursery school manager, managerial competence childcare self-government, parental participation |
子育て支援指導者の研修に関するニーズに基づくコースの評価 佐久間路子 金田利子 金
愛慶 鈴木香奈恵 高橋貴志 師岡
章 無藤 隆 Evaluating
a needs-based course for off-the-job training of leaders who help with
raising children Michiko
SAKUMA Toshiko KANEDA Aekyong KIM Kanae
SUZUKI Takashi TAKAHASHI Akira MOROOKA Takashi MUTO This
study examined off-the-job training for leaders of child-rearing
assistants and examined their training needs. We sent a questionnaire
to
500 organizations
nationwide, including municipal corporations, NPOs, self-help circles for
raising children, and teachers’ colleges that offered training courses,
and asked about the purpose, program, subsequent needs, and evaluation
methods for the course. The results showed that only 17%
of
the organizations offered any training course. The purpose, contents, and
subsequent needs differed with the major participants (e.g.,
child-raising assistants in the community, circle leaders, parents who
raise young children, or those interested in child welfare). Almost all of
the providers evaluated the extent to which the objectives were attained,
and the comprehension of the participants. Seventy-six percent of the
organizations conducted some analyses of their participants. Based on the
results, we propose that training programs consider the qualifications of
the participants and that we need to develop investigative methods to
evaluate the responses of participants
multilaterally. Keywords:
child-raising assistants, off-the-job training of leaders, evaluating a
needs-based course |
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幼稚園･保育所の自然環境と「自然に親しむ保育」における課題について ―広域実態調査結果をもとに― 田尻由美子 無藤
隆 Study on Natural
Environment and “Child Care Close to Nature ”in the Kindergarten and
Nursery School Yumiko
TAJIRI Takashi MUTO The nationwide
investigation of actual conditions of the natural environment of the
kindergarten and the nursery
school and their child care activities was done, aiming for the better
practice of “child care close to nature
”and for the better way to education about “area nature ”in teachers
’training schools. The playground of the kindergarten was comparatively
abundant in nature, and their frequency of strolling was lower than that
of the nursery school. The natural environment of the playground of the
nursery school was not enough, but the frequency of strolling seeking for
the natural environment outside the playground was high. Moreover, it was
clear that there would be a possibility to improve the frequency of the
child care activities by abundant natural environments of the
playground. Key
words:
child care close to nature, natural environment, nationwide investigation,
playground strolling outside the
playground |
巡回相談を活用した「特別ニーズ」保育への支援効果の検討 ―手引書を利用した巡回相談による保育者への支援過程の分析― 野澤純子 徳田克己 Effectiveness
of the itinerant consultations for teachers in charge of special-needs
children Junko
NOZAWA Katsumi TOKUDA This study analyzed the
case studies of itinerant consultations, and examined an effective
itinerant consultation system. The subjects were 3
teachers in charge of
special-needs children in public preschool and nursery schools. The
consultant offered the child-care support manual with the aim of
collaborative consultation. First, each teacher defined the target
behaviors. Second, programs for special-needs children were discussed. And
third,
each teacher practiced the programs in the classroom. The questionnaires
asked about the satisfaction of consultations. The main results were as
followings:(1)
The
need for consultations differed among 3
teachers.
(2)
During
the post test, each teacher acquired proper skills. And proper skills of
each child increased. (3)
It
was necessary for consultants to know about needs of teachers and to
collaborate with teachers and other professionals. Based on the findings,
the following elements were identified as important for future itinerant
consultations: 1)
to
establish support model that are available when necessary; 2)
to
use the manuals as a in-service education for preschool and nursery school
teachers; 3)
to
ensure cooperation among teachers, agencies, and consultants within
community. Key words: the itinerant consultations, support manual, in-service education for preschool and nursery school teachers |
戦前期における幼稚園の普及と就園率に関する基礎的研究 ―幼稚園の普及をめぐる地域間格差に注目して― 小針
誠 A
historical study on the preschools ’spread in prior to the Second World
War with the number of preschools and the enrollment ratio as indexes to
find factors generating regional differences Makoto
KOBARI This
study is aimed at analyzing historical circumstances of preschools ’spread
and expansion in prior to the Second World War with the number of
preschools and the enrollment ratio as indexes to find factors generating
regional differences. The more kindergarten increased nationwide as a
result of the governmental ordinance (Kindergarten
Act in 1926),
the more exposed the differences in establishment mode between areas
became and the more wider regional gaps in the enrollment ratio became,
and from the 1930s
especially, the regional gaps have largely depended on each area’s
industrial structures. The elitism of kindergarten spread with regional
variations while including issues such as differences between regional
industrial structures and social strata. It is suggested that the spread
and expansion of preschools are possibly related to the hegemony of the
specific social class. Key
Words:
the enrollment ratio of preschools, spread and diffusion of preschools,
regional differences |
地域の幼児教育機関としての幼稚園 佐藤喜代 湯川秀樹 小田
豊 The Kindergarten as The
Early Childhood Educational Institution in The
Community Kiyo
SATOH Hideki YUKAWA Yutaka ODA The
purpose of this study focused on the School Creation Project to pursue the
ways of involving kindergarten teachers into school management, the kind
of understanding and support sought in developing the relationship with
parents, and the kindergarten as the early childhood educational
institution. The targeted subjects were Kindergarten A teachers and
parents from 2000
to
2004
.The
analysis was performed through questionnaire surveys to teachers from
Kindergarten A and other kindergarten teachers. These were classified into
years of teaching experiences and analyzed the quality and profession as
kindergarten teachers. For the parents, questionnaires were given to those
involved with Educational Volunteers. The answers to the four questions
analyzed the understanding of children by the parents and their
interaction with Kindergarten A. Through the School Creation Project, the
kindergarten teachers developed their own professional perspectives; they
improved their quality as teachers as well as their practical knowledge.
The curricula at Kindergarten A met the needs of the times. Parents
grasped the lifestyle of their children in the kindergarten, and they
seemed to mature together with their children. Key words: school creation project, kindergarten curriculum, kindergarten teacher, relationship between teacher and parents |
幼児の人とかかわる力を育むための保育者効力感尺度の開発 西山
修 Development
of childcare persons’ efficacy scale to develop the
abilities Osamu
NISHIYAMA The
purpose of this study is to develop the scale of childcare persons
’efficacy on childcare contents “human relations ”, and is to inspect the
applied possibility of the new scale for improving quality of childcare.
At first, as the preliminary investigation I asked the answer what is the
demanded power to childcare persons in directing/supporting from the
viewpoint of 64
childcare
persons (who
are the nucleus to the veteran). Next, I asked the answer by 7-point
scale rating on 80
items
in directing/supporting of childcare contents “human relations ” for
276
childcare
persons, choosing 313
students
who are willing to be childcare persons. As the result, such
12 items
were selected carefully including contents “construct the basis of human
relations” “grasp children’s growth from the viewpoint of development”
“train basic habits of living and attitude” “improve the relations of each
children” “support the expansion of their relations” and “support the
growth of their ego” (I
named CPE-HR 12).
In addition, the enough reliability and validity were shown. Therefore, I
was able to show the new scale broadly for applying as a tool of their
self-study from students aiming to be childcare persons to the childcare
person who are working now. I showed a practical model to be useful for
improving the ability of childcare persons and proposed to use this scale
finally. Key
Words:
childcare contents “human relations”, childcare persons’ efficacy, quality
of childcare |
明治時代の幼稚園教育における道徳教育 ―修身話を中心に― 二見素雅子 The
Moral Education in Kindergartens in the Meiji Era Sugako
FUTAMI This
article tries to examine the story-telling on morality as a moral
education in kindergartens in the relation with the social situation in
the Meiji Era. This study classifies the social situation in the Meiji Era
into 3
stages,
a period of introduction of Western culture, a period of revival of
Confucian ethics and a period of the rise of nationalism, and reviews the
story- telling on morality in each period. The following sources will be
used to study the content of story-telling on morality for each period:
1)
story-telling
materials on morality at the kindergarten attached to Tokyo Women’s
Teachers’ School for the first period, and 2) a book titled
“Youchien-shoho” for the second period,
3) articles
found in magazines for the kindergarten teachers in Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe
and 4)
story-telling
materials on morality at the Shoei Kindergarten for the third period.
While elementary schools were developed as public schools, early childhood
education was carried by private kindergartens. The moral education
through the story-telling in kindergartens during the Meiji Era shows a
strong influence of the political and social situation of the time. Public
kindergartens seemed to lead the trend of moral education throughout the
Meiji era and private kindergartens, many of which were established in the
period of the rise of nationalism, practiced moral education based on
nationalism and militarism. On the other hand Christian kindergartens
sustained the concept of developing personality of children that aimed to
build self-trust and independence. At one point Miss Howe fused the story
of creation with the story of the Emperor Jinmu as a compromise with the
Japanese ethic. This topic is to be examined in the
future. Keyword:
moral education, story-telling on morality, early childhood education, the
Meiji Era, Christian childhood education |
カント『教育学』における乳幼児教育論 ―１８
世紀ドイツにおける『エミール』受容の一形態として― 藤井基貴 A
Study on Infant Education in “Immanuel
Kant ’s Lecture-Notes on Pedagogy”: Motoki
FUJII The
purpose of this paper is to clarify the idea of infant education in
Immanuel
Kant Lecture-Notes on Pedagogy in
1803.
This book was edited by Theodor Rink, who was one of Kant’s pupils. This
paper analyzes the process in which Kant formed his original idea on this
theme, by examining 1)
the
influence of Emile,
written
by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in
1762 ,and
2) Kant
’s concept of “development” (“Entwicklung”).1)
Emile
is
well-known as the most influential book to Kant from the 1760s
and the
1770s.
This book commend the importance of negative education (natural
education) in the early childhood. Kant wholly accepts the basic idea of
negative education in this book.2)
As
for the word “development”, he limits its definition to what concerns
“nature”. On the other hand, to be cultivated, civilized, and moralized
are regarded not as development, but as“ the mission of
mankind”. Key
words:
Immanuel Kant, Infant education, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, development,
nature |
幼児に対する「いのち」の教育 ―絵本を通しての一考察― 高内正子 Life
Education for Young Children ―A
Consideration through Picture Books― Masako
TAKAUCHI In modern society where the
direct experiences of life and death are becoming less and less frequent,
recognition of the meaning of “life” and “death” of living creatures
appears to be gradually fading away not only among adults, but also among
children. There
is no reference in the field of practical study presenting concrete
methods of “life” and “death” education for young children. However, in
schools for young children where religious education, for example
Christian education, is practiced, gentleness towards weak things, noting
the dignity of life, and thinking of absent among the chief points of
education which are encouraged. In the present paper, the author presents
the changes in children’s words and attitudes to life and death drawn from
one year ’s observational research. Key words: Life Education, Young Children, Picture Books, Observational Research |
聖和幼稚園における園児の生活状況と 保育プログラムの妥当性について 島田ミチコ 前橋
明 三宅孝昭 石井浩子 細川七重 Research regarding the appropriateness of the living conditions of young children and childcare program in the Seiwa kindergarten Michiko
SHIMADA Akira MAEHASHI Takaaki MIYAKE Hiroko ISHII Nanae
HOSOKAWA It is important to grasp the daily living conditions of young children to make a desirable childcare program. As a viewpoint to “the free activity ”that a Seiwa kindergarten regarded as important in childcare most, the living conditions of young children and in particular a state of children from getting up to going to kindergarten and relevance with fatigue level of child were analyzed. As a result of this research, as for the current Seiwa kindergartener, there were a few children who appealed for fatigue. Therefore, a childcare program of a Seiwa kindergarten takes a physical awakening state of children into is when it is the childcare program that was suitable for the living conditions of the kindergartener who added continuance time of physical strength more. However, as a result of having examined a habit of children in detail problems were watched for the getting up time, contents of a play, the television watching and hearing,evacuation of morning. Key words: living conditions, young children, childcare program, the free activity, fatigue |
幼稚園・保育所・小学校における指導内容に対する 指導者および保護者の認識の差異 小林小夜子 The
Perception Gap Concerning Curriculum among Teachers and Parents of Day
Care Center, Kindergarten and Elementary School
Children Sayoko KOBAYASHI This research aims to promote the smooth transition for children from day care and kindergarten to elementary school, by analyzing the different perceptions concerning curriculum among these children’s teachers and parents. Three factors, “Attitude”, “Self-Realization”, and “Play Activity” were extracted as a result of the factor analysis, resulting in the clarification of the following two points. 1. Day care center teachers think that more severe training is being given at the day care center than at the elementary school. Therefore, the children from day care centers are expected to have a smoother transition to elementary school than their counterparts from kindergarten who have less severe training. 2. Although all the parents think that severe training should be done at elementary school, there are differences in their expectations of training content. Parents who sent their children to kindergarten consider “Attitude” and “Play Activity” development to be more important than “Self-Realization” in elementary school. On the other hand, those parents who sent their child to day care centers expect “Attitude” training to be the focus of the three. Key Words: kindergarten, day care center, elementary school, curriculum, transition to elementary school |
JSEYC:
日本乳幼児教育学会
Last Update: 2006/02/15